indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
navigator; host (of a TV show, etc.); hostess; MC
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
your; indicates high rank or status; indicates love and respect (usu. for an older person)
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
gold and iron; firmness; adamancy
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
overbearing; coercive; pushy; forcible; high-handed
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
consequence; outcome; result; blame
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
repayment; reimbursement; refund; redemption
term; period; time frame; time limit; deadline; cutoff (date)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
negotiations; discussions; connection
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as