indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
professor; teaching; instruction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
not yet known; unknown; strange
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
door; gate; opening; title page
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
chimney sweeping (cleaning)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
contract; compact; agreement
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah