indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
name; given name; first name
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry