indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
name; given name; first name
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
bakery; baker; pastry shop
Kiki's Delivery Service (1989 animated film)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate