one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to twist; to wrench; to puzzle over; to defeat easily
rugged; scraggy; angular; gnarled
bare rock; rock surface; rock face
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to rub on; to rub against; to wipe on; to strike (a match)
while; during; while; although; all; both
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recall; to remember; to recollect
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if anything; conversely; putting it the other way around; coming at it from the opposite angle
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
root (of a plant); stump (of a tree); root (of a problem, etc.); base
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
measurement; size; extent; plan; intention; arrangement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)