indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
existence; being; presence
evolution; evolution; becoming more advanced; progress
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
no change; no difference; no unusual events; no accidents; no incidents
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
abnormal; unusual; extraordinary; remarkable; uncommon
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
grief; mourning; lamentation
atrocious; heinous; fiendish; brutal; vicious
inducing agent (e.g. for birth); inducer
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
continuance; survival; persistence; retention; duration
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition