indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
remembrance; recollection; recognition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
go that far; to that extent
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in that way; thus; so; so?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
long time; long interval; for quite some time
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)