preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fence; paling; railing; (arch.) fortress
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
stairs; stairway; staircase
to run down (stairs, etc.)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to jump out; to leap out; to appear (suddenly); to emerge; to protrude; to project
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
scene; spectacle; sight; view
dumbfounded; speechless; flabbergasted; struck dumb with astonishment
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
dwelling; house; residence; address
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
large hole; big deficit; heavy losses; long-shot win (in horse racing, etc.); big winnings (on a long shot)
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
to sink (into); to cave in; to get stuck in (e.g. mud); to get bogged down in; to get lodged in
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame