year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to build up one's strength; to get stronger; to give (someone) strength; to cheer (someone) up; to encourage (someone)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to go around; to make a circle around; to surround; to circle; to come around (of a season, anniversary, turn, etc.); to return
critical (touch and go) situation; explosive situation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to attack; to destroy; to defeat; to conquer; to avenge
juniors dominating seniors; inferiors overthrowing their superiors; retainer supplanting his lord
being rampant; being widespread; being prevalent; walking sideways; staggering; striding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
weird; eerie; ominous; creepy; uncanny; unearthly
stillness; silence; quiet; hush; calm; serenity
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
how; in what way; how about
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Settsu (former province located in the northern and central parts of present-day Osaka and the southeast of Hyogo prefectures)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to make an onslaught (on); to close in (on)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
suspicion will raise bogies; once you suspect something, everything else will look suspicious; jumping at shadows
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix