indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
back of the head; occiput
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
passing through (of a tunnel, bullet, etc.); going (right) through; penetrating; (arch.) being well versed (in)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
string; cord; man who is financially dependent on a woman; gigolo; restrictions; conditions
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pistol; handgun; revolver
to be believed to; to be expected to; to be feared to; to be poised to; to be considered to; to be likely to
dawn; daybreak; end; soon after something has ended; beginning (of a new year, month, etc.)
note left by a dead person; suicide note; testamentary letter; posthumous work
to be found; to be discovered
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
police officer; policeman; policewoman
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
police officer; policeman; constable
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
abduction; kidnapping; kidnaping
major incident; major happening; big scandal
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)