(arch.) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (arch.) South-East Asia; (arch.) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
at first; at the outset; to begin with; as a first step
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
a follower; yield allegiance to
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
to attack; to assault; to assail
when it comes to; concerning
advance guard; vanguard; athlete who competes in the first match of a team competition (kendo, judo, etc.)
to hasten to join; to hurry to visit
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
consequence; outcome; result; blame
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
extremely; in the extreme; knows no bounds (e.g. rudeness); boundless (e.g. universe, ocean); limitless
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
how; in what way; how about; questionable
from time immemorial; ancient; time-honoured; time-honored
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
distinction; differentiation; classification
such; like that; in that way
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to take (someone) out (for a walk, to lunch, etc.); to entice out; to lure away
adds force or indicates command
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
order (from one's superior); command; what you say; (someone's) words
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan