benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
splendid horse; promoted bishop
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(young) girl; maiden; young lady
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(of a woman) strong-minded; spirited; mannish
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
how; in what way; how about
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that kind of; that sort of; that; like that; in that way; so
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
person who is ...; thing that is ...
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess