Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to remain; to stay (somewhere)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
silence (not speaking); muteness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
drawing room; study; writing alcove; publishing house
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
practitioner; specialist; man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai
arrow and target; arrow used for shooting marks
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
stubbornness; obstinacy; disposition; nature; appetite; desire
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
readiness; (mental) preparedness; resolution; determination; resignation (to one's fate)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
flash (of light); glint; swift strike; quick decisive move
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
both in name and reality; both in name and substance
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
to move (to another place or state); to change (e.g. of state, affiliation, scenery, etc.); to spread (of a fire, smell, etc.); to catch (an illness); to move (e.g. of one's focus); to change (e.g. of one's interest)
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor