indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to marry (a woman); to take to wife; to take in marriage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
bestowing peerage by imperial edict (in ancient China); document bestowing peerage
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
dangerous; in danger; facing imminent danger; precarious (situation); perilous (state, balance, etc.); in doubt
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
first generation; founder
chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
water and moon; the Moon reflected on the water; pit of the stomach; solar plexus
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place