Emperor Nijō; Nijō Tenno (1143-1165 CE, reigning: 1158-1165 CE)
Harima (former province located in the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture)
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tracking down and killing; punitive expedition
knowledge; awareness; acceptance; consent; forgiving; pardoning
Heiji era (1159.4.20-1160.1.10)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
government forces; loyalist army
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
Heike family; Taira family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
this world; this life; world of the living
crown (of head); summit (of mountain); easy win for one; something received
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
scenery; scene; landscape
with my own (two) eyes; with these very eyes
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
high-ranking court noble; senior court official; kugyō; three lords and nine ministers (of the ancient Chinese government)
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
to go to the top; to climb to the top; to ascend to the top; to be engrossed in; to be very enthusiastic about; to be infatuated with
emperor (of Japan); mikado
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
decision; determination; resolution
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
rule; government; administration
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit