all present; all concerned; all of us
ray (any fish of superorder Batoidea)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
civil administration; Bunji era (1185.8.14-1190.4.11)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Heike family; Taira family; The Tale of the Heike; chanting of the Heike Monogatari
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
Kusanagi no Tsurugi (alternate name for Ama-no-Murakumo no Tsurugi; the sword of the Imperial regalia); grass-mowing sword
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be found; to be discovered
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror; one of the Imperial regalia)
(arch.) large jewel; (arch.) string of jewels; Yasakani no Magatama (the grand jewel or string of jewels; one of the three Imperial regalia)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future