truth; reality; seriousness; logical truth; printed style writing; star performer
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to come to an end
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
clearing one's throat; cough
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
scattering; leaflets; sushi rice in a box or bowl with a variety of ingredients sprinkled on top; writing in an irregular hand
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
article; thing; object; property; real estate
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)