indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
long (time that has passed); old (story)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
important matter; matter of great importance; serious affair; major incident; emergency
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; how about; questionable
(sound of) footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
shallow river; shallows; flatboat; river boat
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
the point just before ...; the point of (doing); the verge (of); (just before the) edge
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)