to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flavoring; flavouring; fragrance; perfume; condolence gift
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(food) coloring; pigment; dye; coloring agent
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
difficult problem; challenge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
don't you think?; indicates question
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to work hard; to make an effort
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
form; shape; figure; visage
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
society; the world; the times
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to repeat; to do something over again