indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
domestic; domestically-produced; produced within a country
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
don't you think?; indicates question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
to flatter; to curry favor with; to curry favour with; to flirt with (woman with a man); to make eyes at (a man)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
feeling; sense; impression
flattery; cajolery; flirtation
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
meaning; significance; sense
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for