indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to quarry; to cut (timber); to begin to talk; to break the ice; to start a fire (with flint, by rubbing sticks together, etc.); to select and extract (from a media file)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in the mountains; among the mountains
ahead; before; the future
Chinese "Willow" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
sal (tree) (Shorea robusta); saul; Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be convinced (that); to be under the impression (that); to make up one's mind; to set one's heart on; to be obsessed (with a thought, idea, etc.); to think about obsessively
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
unshapely; unsightly; clumsy; unpresentable; uncouth; awkward
sending a ship to the bottom; sinking (a ship); to sink a ship
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to discuss; to talk together
should; must; -able; probably; likely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to harden; to solidify; to become firm; to become certain; to gather (together); to assemble
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
unpleasant; awkward; embarrassing; uneasy
what is to be done?; what should (I) do?; what (am I) to do?
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly