than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sexagenary cycle; 60-term cycle of 12 zodiac animals combined with 5 elements in the traditional Chinese calendar; currently used in Japan for years, historically also for days; 12-year Chinese zodiac
the Dog (eleventh sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Dog (around 8pm, 7-9pm, or 8-10pm); west-northwest; ninth month of the lunar calendar
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (e.g. TV); programme
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
have to (do, be); must (do, be); is indispensable; is absolutely necessary
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; paw!; shake!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
embankment; bank; beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
one (thing); one piece; one item
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker