in comparison to; rather than
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sexagenary cycle (60-year cycle of 12 animal zodiac and 5 elements in the traditional Chinese calendar); 12-year Chinese zodiac
the Dog (eleventh sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Dog (around 8pm, 7-9pm, or 8-10pm); west-northwest; ninth month of the lunar calendar
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (e.g. TV); programme
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
embankment; bank; beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
piece; fragment; one (object)
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker