here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to govern; to manage; to subdue
to be needed; to be wanted
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
audience (with a person of high standing)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?