hello; good day; good afternoon
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(security) deposit; caution money
money (given as thanks); reward money; fee; key money; fee paid for rental rights
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
free (of charge); gratuitous
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Japanese beech (Fagus crenata); Siebold's beech
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to provide; to furnish; to equip; to install
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
to well (up); to gush forth (of water); to appear (esp. suddenly) (sweat, tears, etc.); to feel emotions from (joy, bravery, etc.); to hatch (esp. of parasitic insects, etc.)
fault; weakness; flaw; crux (of a matter); difficult point; point of contention
toilet; restroom; bathroom; lavatory
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(being) fully equipped; (being) fully furnished; completeness
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to take care of some business; to go on an errand; to relieve oneself; to do one's business; to go to the toilet
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
structure; construction; arrangement; plan; plot; contrivance
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
child of the times; modern kid; kids of today; with-it youngster
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
hygiene; sanitation; health
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
honorific/polite/humble prefix