indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
new (musical) composition; new piece; new song
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
song lyrics; words of a song; libretto
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
tightly; closely; exactly; precisely; suddenly (stopping); perfectly (suited)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb