suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
speech; words; one's lines; remarks
meaning; significance; sense
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
clear; precise; definite; distinct
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
(one's) family; dependents; household; follower; retainer; underling
to express (in words); to confess
manners; courtesy; etiquette
as (for); for; in the capacity of
to think (something) is improper; to question; to have a problem with
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
snake; serpent; large snake
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
in that way; thus; so; so?
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)