to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea preparation; making tea; brown; (arch.) mockery
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
like; similar to; same as
look; appearance; spectacle; sight; observation meditation; outlook on ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
left-hand radical of a character
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
feelings; thoughts; meaning
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
other; another; over; more than; I; me
equal; identical; the same; no different (to); just like; equivalent
refined taste; elegant pursuits
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
painting something vermillion; lacquering something vermillion; vermillion-lacquered object
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
only; merely; but; no more than
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence