indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
unique thing; best on earth
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
refined taste; elegant pursuits
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea preparation; making tea; brown; (arch.) mockery
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
an offering of tea and hot water made to Buddha or the spirit of the deceased; a tea infusion; tea and hot water; tea ceremony
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
than; from; out of; except; but; more
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks