hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
going to Kyoto; visiting Kyoto
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
consideration (for); thoughtfulness; solicitude; care; watchfulness; concern
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
making a person, pet, etc. wait (before being permitted to do something); postponement; putting on hold
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to be too busy; to be occupied; to concentrate on single-mindedly
audience (with someone of high standing)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to say; to tell; to state; to do
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; having no intention of ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
like this; in this way; as you see
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity