indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
than; from; out of; except; but; more
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
autumn moon; harvest moon
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
to say; to be called; to do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
certainly; for sure; distinctly; clearly; firmly; tightly
oak (esp. Quercus serrata)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)