indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
being full; (counting) completed years (e.g. when calculating age); full (years, months, etc.); Manchuria
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
any more; any further; any better; any longer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
toot (e.g. of trumpet); honk (e.g. of klaxon); beep; farting sound; sound of something being inflated; puff
tenacious; tough; enduring; dogged; headstrong; stubborn
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to be superfluous; to be in excess; to be more than enough
all living things; all God's creatures, great and small
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
please (give me); please (do for me)
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so