indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
by means of; due to; because of; according to
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
end; close; conclusion; termination
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
script; screenplay; scenario
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
adds force or indicates command
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!