indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to care for someone; to look after someone
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
the "a" column of the Japanese syllabary table (a, i, u, e, o)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
medicine man; shaman; faith healer; witch doctor; exorcist
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
to have much trouble; to have a hard time; to not know how to handle
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and