today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
carrot (Daucus carota); Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng)
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
eggplant (Solanum melongena); aubergine
tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
really; truly; indeed; good grief
study; diligence; discount; reduction
for example; for instance; e.g.