indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
while; during; while; although; all; both
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
family; members of a family
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful