indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, e.g. beans, peas, pulses); bean; soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; female genitalia (esp. the clitoris); kidney; small
setsubun; last day of winter in the traditional Japanese calendar (usu. February 3 or 4), day of the bean scattering ceremony; last day of any season (according to the traditional Japanese calendar)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
nori; laver; edible seaweed, usu. Porphyra yezoensis or P. tenera, usu. dried and pressed into sheets
ehōmaki; uncut sushi roll eaten during setsubun
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
while; during; while; although; all; both
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
for example; for instance; e.g.
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
third day of the month; three days
three; three years of age
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard