this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
February; second month of the lunar calendar
8th day of the month; eight days
7th day of the month; seven days
fine weather; fair weather
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
mountain climbing; mountaineering
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to ascend; to go up; to climb
mountain climbing; mountaineering; ascent of a mountain
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
ascent; climbing; up-train; train heading toward the starting point of its route; upbound (esp. toward Tokyo); upstream
down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route; down-slope; downward going; downbound (esp. away from Tokyo); downstream
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...