today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
old tale; folk tale; legend; reminiscence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
long ago; once upon a time
story; tale; talk; discussion
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
grandfather; male senior-citizen; old man
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
river; stream; River; the ... river
washing; laundry; relaxation; rejuvenation; melting away (of worries, fatigue, etc.)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity