this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
now; the present time; just now; another; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be popular; to come into fashion; to be prevalent; to spread widely (e.g. disease); to flourish; to thrive
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
around the world; throughout the world
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
prevention; precaution; protection against
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
story; tale; talk; discussion
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
one-eyed; first (in a series); initial
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness