indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
polite; courteous; civil; careful; close; thorough
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
gargling; rinsing one's mouth
take-out; take-away; carry-out