here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
two persons; two people; pair; couple
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
pink; erotic (usually used in relation to the sex industry); blue; pornographic
light blue; pale blue; aqua
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
shirt (undergarment); undershirt; singlet; shirt (outerwear; usu. with collar and buttons)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
prefix for forming ordinal numbers