indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
name; given name; first name
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
people; men and women; each person; everybody
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
(period of) a year; during an era
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.