indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to stop raining or snowing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise