one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to twist; to wrench; to puzzle over; to defeat easily
rugged; scraggy; angular; gnarled
bare rock; rock surface; rock face
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to rub on; to rub against; to wipe on; to strike (a match)
while; during; while; although; all; both
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
natural (e.g. talent); innate; inborn; inherent
jewel; gem; gem (of a story, essay, etc.); accomplished work; beautiful piece
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rucksack; knapsack; backpack
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
canteen; flask; water bottle; thermos
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
(a) dose; (a) puff; (a) smoke; lull; short rest
to get up (from sitting); to stand up; to (finally) start to do something; to get off one's backside; to take action
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
(one's) quota; assignment
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)