indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
land near a castle; castle town
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
order of chivalry; chivalric order
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to hand over; to surrender
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
bulky; massive; thick; heavy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
rhyme; lime (tree, fruit) (Citrus aurantifolia); lime (mineral)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bow; to bow one's head; to apologize; to apologise; to bow to; to yield to
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation