indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
layman; believer; adherent; follower; laity
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
position; location; base; point; site
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sister (sibling); (Catholic) sister; sister (female partner in a homosexual relationship)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in person; personally; directly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
northern part; the north (of a region)
place; situation; position; location
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
irregular employment; non-fulltime employment; non-regular; irregular; subnormal (number); denormal
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to mislead; to misguide
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance