continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
god king; god-king; guardian deity
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
prominent; leading; foremost; distinguished
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
war; fighting; fierce competition
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thirteen; 13; king (playing card)
nth generation; nth (person to occupy a position, e.g. president)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
stag seaweed (Codium fragile); green sea fingers; dead man's fingers; felty fingers; forked felt-alga; sponge seaweed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
due form; official; formality
naming; giving a name; designation; nominal
politics; government; peace; (arch.) medical treatment; (arch.) cure
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal