royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
to be idle; to slacken; to neglect (e.g. one's work)
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
before oneself; in front of one; a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location); one's standpoint; one's appearance; skill
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial