indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
name; given name; first name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
rain and wind; driving rain; the elements
-itis (indicating an inflammatory disease)
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
the New Year begins; the New Year starts; to end (e.g. apprenticeship, service)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
usually; ordinarily; always; continuous; 24-hour (operation, care, etc.); constant
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
as (for); for; in the capacity of
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
feeling; sense; impression
don't you think?; indicates question
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
townscape; street (of stores and houses); (look of) stores and houses on street
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally