to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
flashiness; showiness; bloom; flowers; Republic of China
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
family; relatives; dependents; household
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
very young; childish; immature
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to