to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
flashiness; showiness; brilliance; bloom; flowers
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
family; relatives; dependents; household
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
very young; little; childish; immature
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to